Information sheet for fruit and nut varieties
Introduction
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Chilling hours refer to the number of winter hours above
32 degrees but below 45 degrees, that the variety requires
to grow correctly and produce fruit.
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Hardiness zones,
where specified, are the best estimate based on current
information. Plant hardiness can vary widely
according to growing conditions and weather. For example, an unseasonable
warm spell in winter can drastically lower the tree’s
ability to survive future cold snaps.
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Ripening dates
are based on Zone 8 and will vary according to location.
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Although
some varieties are listed as being self-fruitful,
they may still set better crops with a pollinizer
if conditions during flowering are poor.
Almonds
Hall’s Hardy Flowering
Beautiful, profuse pink flowers. Late blooming. Adapted to
cold climates. Vigorous. Kernel more bitter than commercial
almonds. 800 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Apples
Akane
Jonathan x Worcester Pearmain cross. Round, bright red fruit
with hard, crisp, juicy, white flesh. Tart, sprightly flavor
resembling Jonathan. Outstanding red dessert apple. Good
for drying. Hangs well on tree; better keeper than most
Fall varieties. Tree is precocious, medium productive and
winter hardy. Leaves have yellow tinge. Thin well to good
size. Introduced in 1970 by Tohoku Agricultural Experiment
station. Ripens mid August. 800 hours chilling. Pollinizer
required: Fuji, Gala, Granny Smith, and Golden Delicious.
Braeburn
A new late season apple from New Zealand. Possibly an open
pollinated seedling of Lady Hamilton. Fruit is medium to
large, red striped with a red blush on a yellow background.
The flesh is pale, cream colored, crisp and juicy. The
fruit hangs well, comes into bearing early and is a heavy
producer.
Has a tendency toward biennial bearing unless thinned.
Excellent for fresh eating, bakes well and makes an excellent
sauce
that requires little or no sugar. Excellent keeping qualities.
Ripens mid October. 700 hours chilling. Reported self-fruitful,
but pollinizer recommended.
Fuji
Ralls Janet X Delicious. High quality apple with fairly
poor appearance. Tall, rectangular, medium size fruit.
Yellowish
green skin with an orangish red flush and darker stripes.
Darker blush on sun side. Crisp, juicy slightly subacid
white flesh with outstanding texture. May require up
to 200 days
to mature. Good keeper. Vigorous, productive, somewhat
bushy tree. Needs annual detailed pruning. Developed
in Japan and
introduced in 1962. Ripens late September to early October.
Very long storage life. Less than 500 hours chilling.
Zone 5. Self-fruitful.
Gala
Golden Delicious X Cox Orange. Medium size, conical to
round fruit. Pink/red stripes over yellow background.
Firm, juicy,
fine textured, yellow white flesh. Sweet slightly tart
flavor. Hangs well on tree. Compact growth habit, prolific
bearer.
Needs heavy thinning to maintain fruit size and prevent
biennial bearing. Developed in New Zealand. Ripens
mid August. 500
hours chilling. Zone 5. Self-fruitful.
Golden Delicious
Chance seedling of Grimes Golden. Large conic golden yellow
fruit. Firm, crisp, juicy, flavorful flesh. Mild sweet
distinctive flavor. High quality all purpose. Shrivels
in storage. Moderately vigorous, round headed tree with
wide crotch angles. Bears very young and annually if thinned.
Requires gentle picking, bruises easily. Sometimes serious
russeting. Introduced in 1900. Ripens mid September. 700
hours chilling. Zone 5. Good pollinator and self-fruitful.
Granny Smith
A large, late maturing green all-purpose apple. Crisp, tart,
and an excellent keeper. Requires a long summer to ripen
and thrives in hot climates. 600 hours chilling. Zone 6.
Good pollinizer for other apples. Self-fruitful.
Gravenstein
Probable origin Germany in 1790. Large, round to slightly
flattened orangish yellow fruit with red stripes. Thin skin.
Crisp, juicy, fine grained, yellowish white flesh. Known
for fine flavor. Unexcelled for cooking. Makes wonderful
pies, desserts, sauces, and cider. Keeps until early November.
Large, vigorous, upright tree. Pick frequently because of
uneven ripening and premature drop. Tendency to biennial
bearing may be helped by heavy pruning. Ripens late July.
700 hours chilling. Zone 6. Requires pollinizer: Fuji, Gala,
and Red Delicious. Produces sterile pollen so don’t
use as a pollinizer for other varieties.
Honeycrisp ™
A new introduction form the University of Minnesota that
can best be described as explosively crisp. A cross between
Macoun and Honeygold. Ripens mid September to October. Color
is red mottled over a yellow background. Has excellent eating
and keeping qualities. Zone 4.
Ida Red
Wagoner X Jonathan. A highly flavored aromatic apple of
good size and shiny red skin. Flesh is crisp white and
juicy.
May be too highly flavored at picking time but mellows
with age. Small to medium sized tree bears heavy crops
annually.
Susceptible to fire blight. Susceptible to Cedar Apple
Rust. Some resistance to scab. Good keeping qualities.
Excellent
for sauce and pies and excellent dessert apple. Developed
by the Idaho Ag. Experiment Station. Suggest McIntosh,
Empire, or Braeburn as pollinizers. Ripens mid October.
Jonathon
Heavy annual bearer, high quality when well grown. Cooks
well. Medium to dark red, and crisp, juicy, moderately
tart, and flavorful. Ripens late August. 7-800 hours
chilling. Zone 5. Self-fruitful.
Liberty
Most disease resistant apple ever developed. Macoun X
Purdue 54-12. Medium to large, bright, shiny, McIntosh-type
fruit
with 90% red blush. Crisp, juicy, light yellow flesh.
Sprightly flavor. Good for eating fresh, cooking, canning
or desserts.
Stores until February. Flavor intensifies in storage.
Hardy, spreading, vigorous, heavily spurred, productive
tree,
and annual bearer. Sets heavy fruit loads, resulting
in small
fruit; requires thinning. Resistant to scab, fire blight,
mildew and cedar-apple rust. No spraying needed. Ripens
mid September. 800 hours chilling. Zone 4. Self-fruitful.
Melrose
Developed at the Agricultural Experiment Station in
Wooster, Ohio. Introduced in 1944. Red Delicious
X Jonathan. Official
Ohio State apple. Large flattened fruit. Yellowish
green skin flushed and streaked dark red with russet
spots.
Firm, coarse, juicy creamy white flesh. Slightly
acid flavor.
Very good cooking and dessert qualities. Best after
Christmas when it develops it's fruity aroma. Stores
at 31 degrees
until April. Tree is vigorous, productive, annual
bearer. Growth habit is spreading and moderate. Introduced
in 1944. Crop is heavy but biennial. Ripens from
mid
to
late October.
800-1000 hours chilling. Zone 5. Best crops if pollinizer
provided.
Mutsu
Very large, crisp, and flavorful. Pick when green
or wait until partly yellow. Large vigorous tree
resists
powdery
mildew. Ripens late September. 600 hours chilling.
Zone 5. Requires pollination by Red Delicious,
Granny Smith,
Fuji,
or Gala.
Red Delicious
A long time favorite apple that needs to be tree ripened
to be at its best. Sweet, crisp, and flavorful. Late August/September
harvest. Good pollinizer for most other apples. 700 hours
chilling. Zone 4-5. Pollinated by Granny Smith, Golden
Delicious, Fuji, and Gala.
Red Fuji
A selection of Fuji with redder skin. Sweet, very crisp,
and fine flavored. Excellent keeper. Ripens late September/October.
500 hours chilling. Zone 5. Excellent pollinizer for other
apples. Self-fruitful.
Red Jonagold
A redder skinned version of Jonagold. Superb flavor, a
cross between Jonathon and Golden Delicious. Crisp and
juicy. Ripens
mid September. 7-800 hours chilling. Zone 5. Pollinated
by Fuji, Gala, Granny Smith or Red Delicious.
Red McIntosh
Bright to dark red over green. Superb quality in cooler
climates. Crisp, aromatic and sweet. Can be used for
eating or cooking.
900 hours chilling. Ripens late August. Zone 4. Partly
self-fruitful but will set better crops when pollinated
by Red Delicious,
Gala etc.
Apricots
Chinese
Cold and frost hardy, this sets heavy crops of small to medium
size sweet fruit. Recommended for difficult, spring frost-prone
areas. Ripens mid June. 700 hours chilling. Zone 5. Self-fruitful.
Puget Goldä
Proven producer of large, flavorful fruit in Western Washington.
Recommended for other western climates where spring rains
limit apricot culture. Harvest early August. 600 hours chilling.
Self-fruitful.
Wenatchee Moorpark
Longtime favorite in Western Oregon and Washington. Recommended
for other western climates where spring rains limit apricot
culture. Flavorful fruit used fresh, dried, or canned.
Ripens mid June. 700 hours. Zone 5. Self-fruitful.
Cherries
Bing
Large, firm, juicy, sweet, nearly black when ripe. Superb
flavor, and is rated as the number one cherry. A large
vigorous tree. Ripens late May/June. 700 hours chilling.
Pollinated by Black Tart, Van, Rainier, and Stella in colder
climates.
Lambert
Large black fruit that are harvested late in the season.
It has quality rivaling that of Bing, but is less susceptible
to cracking due to later harvest. Ripens early June. 800
hours of chilling. Pollinated by Van, Rainier, or Black
Tartarian.
Lapins
A dark red, sweet cherry that is large, firm and of good
flavor. Similar to Van in color, but Stella in shape.
Ripens early June. 800 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Stella
Large, and nearly black fruit that is richly flavored
and sweet. Ripens early June. 700 hours chilling. Good
pollinator
for Bing except in areas with mild winters. Self-fruitful.
Zone 5.
Utah Giant
In harsh climates it is larger, firmer and more flavorful
than Bing or Lambert, it is a good canner. Ripens
late May/June. 800 hours chilling. Pollinated by Bing,
Lambert,
Rainier,
or Van.
Van
A very cold hardy cherry with reliable, heavy bearing.
Fruit is similar to Bing, although usually smaller.
Ripens late
May/June. 700 hours chilling. Pollinated by all
common sweet cherries. Zone 5.
Chestnuts
Colossal
This is a high quality medium to large nut that falls away
from hull easily. A large, long-lived, and spreading tree.
4-500 hours chilling. Pollinated by Nevada.
Nevada
Primarily a pollinizer for Colossal, it also produces well.
One of these will adequately pollinate 8-10 Colossal trees.
Not tolerant of alkaline soil. 4-500 hours chilling. Pollinated
by Colossal.
Figs
Improved Brown Turkey
Large, with brown skin and pink flesh. Sweet rich flavor,
used fresh. Widely adapted to coastal or inland climate.
A small tree that can be pruned to any shape. 100 hours
chilling. Zone 8. Self-fruitful.
Nectarines
Arctic Jay
This white fleshed nectarine is firm and freestone, and richly
flavored, with a good balance of sugar and acid. It ripens
mid July. 800 hours chilling. Patent #9908.
Fantasia
A large and commercially popular red skinned and yellow fleshed
fruit. It is semi-freestone with excellent flavor. Ripens
Late July/Early August. 500 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Goldmine
Small to medium size, white fleshed, freestone fruit. It
has aromatic, sweet flavor. Ripens mid August. 400 hours
chilling. Self-fruitful.
Juneglo
This winter and frost hardy nectarine has delicious flavor
and is semi freestone. It ripens late June. 700 hours chilling.
Self-fruitful. Patent #5228.
Necta Zee Dwarf Nectarine
Sweet and very flavorful, this miniature tree produces yellow
fleshed freestone fruit with red skin. Tree is vigorous to
6 feet. Ripens Late June. Self-fruitful and 500 hours chilling.
Patent #6283.
Nectar Babe Dwarf Nectarine
A mid season, yellow fleshed freestone nectarine with excellent
fruit quality and flavor. Heavy bearing tree to 5-6’.
Ripens early to mid July. 500 hours chilling. Pollinated
by Honey Babe or other peach or nectarine.
Peaches
Arctic Supreme White
A large, excellent flavored, white flesh peach. Nearly freestone
when ripe. Red over cream colored skin, it has sweet and
tangy flavor and firm texture. Ripens late July/early August.
700 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Frost™
A delicious, yellow freestone peach with red blush over yellow
skin. Heavy bearing and good for fresh eating or canning.
Resistant to peach leaf curl. 700 hours chilling. Ripens
mid July. Self-fruitful. Zone 5.
Garden Gold®
A good flavored yellow fleshed, miniature peach. Later bloom
time makes it less susceptible to frost damage. Tree grows
to 5-6’. Ripens mid August. 600 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Giant Elberta
Trees are hardy and self-fruitful. Fruit is large, freestone,
colored a deep golden yellow blushed with red. The skin is
tough and the flesh yellow, while tender and juicy. Excellent
for desserts, canning, freezing and jam. Ripens early August.
800-950 hours chilling. An excellent pollinizer for other
varieties.
Gleason Early Elberta
A reliable frost hardy peach for Utah and the Pacific NW.
Juicy, rich flavor suitable for eating, freezing, or canning.
Ripens late July. 800 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Honey Babe®
A sweet, yellow fleshed, freestone, miniature peach that
grows to 5’. Heavy bearing and ripens mid July. 500
hours chilling. Self-fruitful. Patent #5276.
Pix Zee®
Delicious yellow fleshed, freestone peach with red over orange
skin. It is a vigorous tree to 6’. Ripens late June.
500 hours chilling. Self-fruitful. Patent # 6364.
Red Haven
A very popular frost hardy peach that is high quality and
freestone. Yellow flesh and ripens early July. 800 hours
chilling. Self-fruitful. Zone 5.
Reliance
A very late blooming peach, it is frost hardy and the best
choice for severe winter and spring climates. Harvest
mid July. 1000 hours chilling. Self-fruitful. Zone 5.
Veteran
One of the most reliable peaches for cold climates, Veteran
is cold hardy and late blooming. Yellow to orange skin
and yellow, freestone flesh. Good flavor when fully
ripened. Ripens mid July. 900 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Pears-European
Anjou
A large, squat, good quality fruit that is firm and keeps
well. Ripens early February. 800 hours chilling. Pollinated
by Bartlett.
Bartlett
A high quality but short keeping pear. Tolerates hot summers
and ripens mid August. 800 hours chilling. Self-fruitful
or pollinated by Bosc or Anjou. Zone 5.
Bosc
A long and narrow fruit with brown skin. Excellent quality
for fresh or cooking. Susceptible to Fireblight. Ripens
mid to late September. 800 hours chilling. Pollinated
by Bartlett.
Comice
A connoisseurs pear with sweet aromatic flavor and fine
texture. It is short-necked and has green-yellow skin
with a red blush.
Ripens late September. 600 hours chilling. Mostly self-fruitful
or plant with Bartlett.
Red Anjou
A red skinned version of Anjou.
Red Bartlett
A red skinned version of Bartlett.
Pears-Asian
Chojuro
Russeted golden brown skin and crisp texture. Ripens mid
August. 450 hours chilling. Pollinated by Hosui etc.
Hosui
Russeted skin and superb sweet flavor. It is very juicy
and crisp. Ripens early August. 450 hours chilling. Pollinated
by Chojuro, Bartlett, or Twentieth Century.
Kikusui
Yellow skinned and sweet and juicy. Keeps well and ripens
mid August. 450 hours chilling. Partly self-fruitful
or plant with Twentieth Century.
Shinseiki
Yellow skinned and heavy early bearing, vigorous tree.
Juicy sweet fruit. Ripens late July/early August. 350-450
hours
chilling. Self-fruitful.
Twentieth Century (Nijiseiki)
Mild flavored fruit is still sweet, juicy but crisp
like an apple. Yellow skinned. Heavy bearing small
tree. Ripens
mid August. 450 hours chilling. Self-fruitful or
plant with Shinseiki or Bartlett.
Persimmon
Fuyu-Jiro
Medium size and flat shaped fruit are hard when ripe and
non-astringent. This hardy tree is nearly pest free. Ripens
mid October/Late November. 200 hour chilling. Zone 7. Self-fruitful.
Plums
Italian Prune
A large, purple skinned, freestone plum with very sweet and
rich flavor. It is a vigorous, cold hardy tree that blooms
late. Ripens late August. 800 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Satsuma
Mottled maroon over green skin, with dark red flesh. Sweet
and mild flavor. Harvest late July. 300 hours chilling. Self-fruitful.
Walnuts
Juglans nigra-Black Walnut
Used primarily as a shade tree, it does produce the classic
walnut. Grows to be a very large tree, not really an orchard
tree.
Ambassador Carpathian
Produces 1 ¼” nuts with a thin skin and plump,
light colored kernels with excellent flavor. Young trees
can set heavy crops. Ripens late September/early October.
600 hours chilling. Zone 4. Self-fruitful. Patent #4132.
Idaho Carpathian
Produces a large, sweet, high quality kernel on a vigorous
but early bearing tree. Ripens late September/early October.
700 hours chilling. Zone 4. Self-fruitful.
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